501 [118] Geological Research Techniques (2). Prerequisite, permission of instructor. An introduction to methods of obtaining, analyzing, and presenting geologic and paleontologic data.

502 [147] Earth Surface Processes (GEOG 440) (3). Prerequisite, GEOG 110 or GEOL 101. See GEOG 440 for description.

503 [188] Geological Oceanography (MASC 503) (4). Prerequisite, GEOL 101, GEOL 111, or permission of instructor. Ocean basin origin, continental margin development, coastal geology, carbonate platforms, and pelagic sediments are subjects covered; paleo-oceanographic reconstructions are emphasized. Three lecture and two laboratory hours a week.

504 [173] Topics in Petrology (4). Prerequisite, GEOL 404. Origin of magmas and evolution of igneous and metamorphic rocks, combined with petrographic study of selected sites and individual examples. Two lecture and six laboratory hours a week.

505 [105] Chemical Oceanography (ENVR 418, MASC 505) (4). See MASC 505 for description.

506 [106] Physical Oceanography (MASC 506) (4). Prerequisites, MATH 231, 232; PHYS 104, 105; or permission of instructor. Descriptive regional oceanography, equations of motion, the Ekman layer, wind-driven currents, thermohaline circulation, modern observations, waves, tides. Four lecture hours a week.

508 [163] Applied Hydrology (3). Prerequisites, GEOL 101 or 111, MATH 231, PHYS 105, or permission of instructor. An introduction to methodologies and instrumentation for quantifying the movement of water in the earth system focusing on components of the hydrologic cycle. Emphasis is divided between analytical aspects and field procedures.

509 [165] Groundwater (3). Prerequisites, GEOL 101, 105, 109, or 111; CHEM 102; MATH 231; PHYS 104, 116; or permission of instructor. Introduction to physics, chemistry, and geology of groundwater.

510 [164] Geochemistry of Natural Waters (3). Prerequisites, GEOL 101, 105, 109, or 111; CHEM 102; MATH 231; or permission of instructor. Survey of processes affecting the compositions of streams, lakes, the ocean, and shallow ground waters.

511 [166] Stable Isotopes in the Environment (ENST 511) (3). Prerequisite, CHEM 102. Introduction to the theory, methods, and applications of stable isotopes to environmental problems. Primary focus will be on the origin, natural abundance, and fractionation of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen isotopes.

512 [145] Geochemistry (MASC 553) (3). Prerequisites, GEOL 101 or 111, CHEM 102, or permission of instructor. Introduction to the application of chemical principles to geological problems, with emphasis on isotope methods.

514 [139] River Systems of East Coast North America (3). Prerequisites, GEOL 101 or 111; GEOL 211 or 417; at least junior status. Analysis of twenty-three rivers from St. Lawrence to the Everglades, from headwaters to oceanic terminus of turbidite fan. Focus on stream processes, geologic development, hydrology, utilization history, ecology, and planning.

515 [142] Introduction to Geophysics (3). Prerequisites, PHYS 104 and 105. Introduction to the fundamentals of global geophysics: gravity, seismology, magnetism, heat and plate tectonics. Both shallow and deep processes are considered. Emphasis is aimed at problem solving by applying concepts.

516 [120] Environmental Field Mapping and Information Systems (3). Prerequisite, GEOL 401. Field and laboratory methods for collection, assimilation, and manipulation of map-based earth science data within a geospatial relational database. Introduction to applications of remote sensing and analysis of digital topography.

517 [136] Sequence and Seismic Stratigraphy (3). Prerequisite, GEOL 402. Examination of lithostratigraphic principles and the sequence stratigraphic paradigm. Students will study use of variation of well log signature reflection attributes and reflection termination patterns to identify and correlate sequences and systems and to interpret the lithology and depositional history of subsurface stratigraphic units.

518 [151] Geodynamics (3). Prerequisites, GEOL 101 or 111; MATH 232; PHYS 104, 105; CHEM 102. Interior of the Earth deduced from seismology, gravity, heat flow, magnetism; geophysics of continents and ocean basins; age of Earth.

519 [150] History of the Earth (3). Prerequisites, GEOL 101, 105, 109, or 111; plus GEOL 301, 401, 402, and 404; or permission of instructor. History of the Earth's surficial and internal systems, including: biologic evolution; development of oceans, atmosphere, and climate; plate tectonic processes; evolution of crust and mantle.

520 [152] Data Analysis in the Earth Sciences (3). Prerequisites, an introductory geology course numbered below 202, except first year seminar; MATH 231 and 232; or permission of instructor. Introduction to quantitative analysis in earth sciences: solid earth, atmospheres, oceans, geochemistry and paleontology. Topics covered: univariate and multivariate statistics, testing, non-parametric methods, time series, spatial and cluster analysis, shapes.

522 [154] Physical Volcanology (3). Prerequisites, introductory courses in geology and physics. Course is aimed at understanding the physical properties and processes controlling volcanism and magma transport. Topics covered include volcanic processes from the formation of magma in the upper mantle to violent eruption at the surface. Emphasis is placed on dynamic processes and underlying mechanisms.

550 [140] Biogeochemical Cycling (MASC 550) (3). Prerequisites, MASC 440, 505; or GEOL 510, 512, 655; or ENVR 421; or permission of instructor. Biogeochemical cycling explores interfaces of marine, aquatic, atmospheric, and geological sciences emphasizing processes controlling chemical distributions in sediments, fresh and salt water, the atmosphere, and fluxes among these reservoirs.

552 [144] Organic Geochemistry (ENVR 525, MASC 552) (3). Prerequisites, MASC 505 or CHEM 261 or permission of instructor. Sources, transformations, and fate of natural organic matter in marine environments. Emphasis on interplay of chemical, biological, and physical processes that affect organic matter composition, distribution, and turnover.

555 [197] Paleobotany (BIOL 555) (4). Prerequisites, BIOL 101, BIOL/ 101L, or permission of instructor. An introduction to the morphology, stratigraphic occurrence, and evolutionary relationships of fossil plants. Both macrofossils and microfossils are considered. Three lecture and three laboratory hours a week.

560 [181] Fluid Dynamics (ENVR 452, MASC 560, PHYS 660) (3). Prerequisite, PHYS 301 or permission of instructor. The physical properties of fluids, kinematics, governing equations, viscous incompressible flow, vorticity dynamics, boundary layers, irrotational incompressible flow.

563 [143] Descriptive Physical Oceanography (MASC 563) (3). Prerequisite, MASC 506 or permission of instructor. Observed structure of the large-scale and mesoscale ocean circulation and its variability, based on modern observations. In situ and remote sensing techniques, hydrographic structure, circulation patterns, ocean-atmosphere interactions.